The Many Faces of ‘Genital Warts’

Genital warts are a condition with a significant number of infected patients in Japan. At our clinic, we treat many patients every day. In this article, we will discuss the "Characteristics and Treatment Methods of Genital Warts."

Genital warts are commonly known as a sexually transmitted disease (STD). However, they are precisely a disease caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV).

Routes of Infection and Incubation Period The primary route of infection for genital warts is through sexual contact. Particularly, the risk of infection increases when engaging in unprotected intercourse, so-called "raw sex", or "oral sex (fellatio)", especially with multiple partners. However, rare though it may be, there's also a chance of infection from sharing towels or clothes contaminated with the virus.

The incubation period for HPV can vary greatly. Symptoms might not appear until several weeks to several years after infection. Therefore, even if infected, immediate symptoms might not manifest, and caution is required.

Symptoms After Onset and Progression Speed The initial symptoms of genital warts include small protrusions on the skin or mucous membrane. These often resemble "warts", vary in color from pink to brown or skin-tone, and are generally soft. For men, they commonly appear around the penis and anus, whereas for women, they frequently manifest in the vagina, cervix, vulva, and around the anus.

If these symptoms are neglected, the warts can grow larger and spread. While the progression speed varies among individuals, the presence of other STDs or a weakened immune system can accelerate the progression.

Differences in Symptoms Between Men and Women Generally, the symptoms of genital warts are similar in both men and women. However, there are differences in the site of onset and related symptoms. For women, if the infection spreads to the cervix, the risk of cervical cancer increases. This risk is associated with specific HPV types, and genital warts themselves don't cause cancer. For men, symptoms often appear on the penis and around the anus, and the risk of cancer in these areas should also be considered.

Features and Lesions of Genital Warts

• Shape: As the name suggests, genital warts typically appear as "pointed" protrusions on the skin or mucous membrane, often resembling cauliflower.
• Color: Ranges from skin-tone to brown, depending on the lesion's location and the individual's skin color.
• Size: They can range from several millimeters to several centimeters. If neglected, they might grow larger.
• Location of Lesion: Typically, they appear around the genitals and anus, but can also manifest in the oral cavity or throat.

HPV and its Types Over 100 types of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) exist, with specific types causing genital warts. Notably, HPV-6 and HPV-11 are primarily responsible for most genital warts. Conversely, other types like HPV-16 and HPV-18 are known for their association with risks of cervical cancer and other cancers.

Treatment Methods The treatment method for genital warts depends on the wart's size, number, and location. The primary treatments include:

• Liquid Nitrogen Treatment: Freezing the affected area to remove the lesion. This method often requires a prolonged treatment period.
• Surgical Removal: Using an electrocautery or CO2 laser to excise the lesion. This method at our clinic allows for complete removal in one session.
• Beselna Cream Treatment: Directly applying cream or gel to the lesion. This treatment can also require a long period and, in some cases, can cause skin inflammation, spreading and worsening the condition.
• Immunotherapy: Enhancing the body's immune response against the virus.

Conclusion Genital warts are diseases caused by specific HPV types, and their shape and lesions vary depending on the patient and the type of virus. If you discover any lesion or feel uneasy, please consult with a professional immediately. Proper treatment and prevention can effectively manage genital warts.